Showing posts with label New York Times. Show all posts
Showing posts with label New York Times. Show all posts

Monday, March 7, 2011

Dr. Levin, Modern Psychiatrist--Unfulfilled, Bored--But Wealthy

There's been plenty of buzz about Saturday's front page New York Times story, "Talk Doesn't Pay, So Psychiatry Turns Instead to Drug Therapy," by Gardiner Harris. The story is essentially a profile of Dr. Donald Levin, a 68 year old psychiatrist who has a private practice in Doylestown, Pa.

It is a poignant example of a common situation in psychiatry. Older psychiatrists were trained during a time when there were few effective psychiatric medications, so they cut their teeth on training in psychotherapy. Not surprisingly, doing therapy is fun--it's involves getting paid for having interesting and intimate conversations with people, and helping them to become happier as a result.

In the old days, psychiatrists were paid very well for therapy. In part, this was due to the law of supply and demand--until the late 1940s, psychiatrists alone were allowed to do psychotherapy. But with World War 2 came a critical demand for more therapists to deal with the psychological needs of veterans. Over the ensuing decades, the NIMH granted funds to train psychologists and other non-MDs to deal with the growing public demand for therapy. As the supply of therapists rose, reimbursement for therapy plummeted. 

Of course, as any professional guild must do, the American Psychiatric Association fought this trend ferociously, arguing that only professionals who received medical training had the qualifications to do therapy. In 1949, the president of the APA summarized the opinions of a special "Committee on the Relations of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology" by saying that the "American Psychiatric Association is strongly opposed to independent private practice of psychotherapy by the clinical psychologists; and The Association believes that psychotherapy, whenever practiced, should be done in a setting where adequate psychiatric safeguards are provided."

To the modern eye it seems absurd that intelligent people could believe that you had to go to medical school to do psychotherapy, but the potential for loss of income often confuses the mind. From the 1950s until the 1980s, the APA continuously lobbied state legislatures to prevent independent credentialing for non-MD therapists, but they eventually lost in every state.

Ironically, many within the APA were eventually happy to off-load their therapy tasks to psychologists and social workers, because a plethora of psychotropic drugs were introduced in the 1980s and 1990s. Psychiatrists no longer needed to do therapy to make good money. But this forced a decision point for many psychiatrists, like Dr. Levin, who loved doing psychotherapy. Would they continue to do psychotherapy--thereby diminishing their incomes--or would they become psychopharmacologists, lucratively churning through patients in 15 minute increments? Dr. Levin chose the latter, and sadly, he is unfulfilled.

Quoting from the New York Times article: “I miss the mystery and intrigue of psychotherapy,” he said. “Now I feel like a good Volkswagen mechanic.” “I’m good at it,” Dr. Levin went on, “but there’s not a lot to master in medications. It’s like ‘2001: A Space Odyssey,’ where you had Hal the supercomputer juxtaposed with the ape with the bone. I feel like I’m the ape with the bone now.”

Many psychiatrists will recognize the sense of tedium and boredom described by Dr. Levin. He went through psychiatric training to do therapy and is now a pill-pusher. 

Of course, one can argue that he is simply living with the consequences of that
age-old decision: the choice of  higher income, but less fulfilling work. The world is filled with realtors, lawyers, marketers, managers, etc..., who wish they could make their current income doing watercolors or teaching elementary school or writing novels.

If Levin wanted to do therapy, he could, but, as he said in the article, "Nobody wants to go backwards, moneywise, in their career." We all make our decisions.
Are Dr. Levin's patients happy? Harris interviewed six of them who said they were satisfied with his care--but these were presumably chosen by Dr. Levin and may not be representative of his caseload of 1200. This brings up a host of issues that I'll discuss in a future post. 

Tuesday, November 30, 2010

It's a Textbook! It's an Ad! It's Nemeroff/Schatzberg!

Drs. Nemeroff and Schatzberg are back in the limelight, once again dragging the good name of psychiatry through the mud. According to today's New York Times, in 1999 SmithKline Beecham, the maker of Paxil, funded and ghost-wrote a textbook for which this ethically-challenged duo took credit.

What were they thinking?

I imagine the conversation went something like this.

N: "Let's write a textbook for primary care doctors."
S: "Sounds good. But I don't have the the time."
N: "Neither do I."

S: "Hmmm."

N: "Hmmm."

S: "So what do we do?" [N grins.] "Wait, you're not seriously considering--"
N: "Why not? What are you, suddenly Dr. Holier Than Thou?"
S: "All right, don't remind me about Corcept and your 60,000 shares. What's your plan?"

N: "Simple. We know that SmithKline Beecham's Paxil is losing market share to Pfizer's Zoloft. I'll call my friends there, ask them for an 'unrestricted educational grant.'"
[S nudges N. N grins and winks. But then S frowns.]
S: "The money will be nice, but who's going to write it?"

N: "SmithKline will hire a PR firm to do it. All we have to do is review it and make some final tweaks."

S: "But isn't that a little sleazy, even for us? You know they'll play down Paxil's disadvantages--that it causes more sexual side effects, more weight gain, and more drug interactions than Zoloft."

N: "Some studies show that's true, others are more equivocal."

S: [Lightly socks N on the shoulder] "Don't BS me, you sound like you're giving one of your Paxil drug talks to naive country docs."

N: "You know me too well!"
S: "As usual you're very persuasive. I'm in."
N: "I think this is the continuation of a beautiful friendship...."



Tuesday, September 1, 2009

Forest's Promotional Objective: Use CME to Sell Lexapro

We have known for some time that the actual purpose of industry-sponsored CME (continuing medical education) is to increase prescriptions of the supporter's product. But few will admit it. The ACCME says that it accredits only CME that is unbiased and objective, even though half of it is paid for by the pharmaceutical industry. Leading medical societies appear to be willing to fight to maintain their God-given right to industry funding of CME until the world ends.

Finally, a major drug company--Forest Laboratories--has confirmed that CME is, in fact, advertising.

In today's New York Times, Gardiner Harris describes a smoking gun document that outlines in stark fashion how Forest has created CME programs for physicians in order to increase market share for Lexapro. The document, entitled "Fiscal Year 2004 Marketing Plan," can be read in all its inglory here.

Here are a couple of my favorite excerpts.

"PROMOTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• Achieve first place in detail dollar share of voice in the SRI market
• Maintain SRI category leadership in number of journal ad inserts
• Maintain SRI category leadership in total number of medical education events (Including CME symposia, speaker programs, teleconferences, and peer selling programs.)
• Generate significant Lexapro specific news coverage to both consumers and healthcare
professionals
• Have Lexapro included in all depression/anxiety related round up articles/stories that
discuss treatment"

Yep, there it is, number three on their list of strategies: CME symposia. But like any successful company, Forest leaves nothing to chance. In order to make sure that Lexapro-friendly CME got in front of potential prescribers, they came up with a variety of tactics, such as:

"A reporter from publications like CNS News, Psych Times, and the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry will be sent to cover key Lexapro data presented at important medical meetings. Data from ADAA (Anxiety Disorders Association of America), APA (American Psychiatric Association), AAFP (American Academy of Family Physicians, and AAGP (American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry) will be reported in the journal as a CME supplement.

Quantity:4
Cost per unit:$75,000
Estimated Cost: $300,000"

In other words, rather than waiting for doctors to decide to write their own articles singing the praises of Lexapro, Forest decided to hire reporters from journals to cover the CME symposia they already paid for. Based on the reporting, ghostwriters would then scribble the articles, and plant some psychiatrists' names as authors. The articles would be packaged as "CME supplements" with the journals.

It's so much more...efficient this way!

There's more in this document, much more. Please give it a read, but I suggest you do so on an empty stomach.

Wednesday, August 19, 2009

Ghostwriting Stays in the Spotlight

With Natasha Singer's article on ghostwriting appearing in the Health section of today's New York Times, this underhanded method of drug promotion is in the public spotlight as never before. Medical ghostwriting leaches out the confidence we have in the authenticity of medical research, because the articles are conceived and written by drug company marketers and their surrogates. But when they are published in the top journals, they look like serious reports of medical science, complete with the names of prestigious doctors who are dubbed "authors."

After you read the New York Times article, I suggest you read this very clever article by William Heisel, a two time Pulitzer finalist, who blogs on Reporting on Health, a project of the Annenberg School for Communication at USC. Heisel's focus is on the self-deluded ways doctors are rationalizing their partipation in medical ghostwriting. For example, Dr. Leon Speroff, a former professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Oregon Health Sciences University who allowed DesignWrite to put his name on a paper he didn't write, defended his bad behavior by saying that it was then "standard practice" to not disclose a drug company's involvement.

Comments Heisel:

Why is it when these researchers are caught with a drug company's hand playing them like a puppet, they pull the "standard practice" line? Standard for whom? Certainly not for the patients taking the pills and presumably not for the journal editors accepting the articles for publication. Perhaps this is something Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, should ask in a hearing. Speroff told the Journal Sentinel he had nothing to apologize for:

"There is nothing dishonest about it."


Speroff was quoted in this excellent investigative report on medical ghostwriting at University of Wisconsin written by--who else?--the incomparable John Fauber and Meg Kissinger of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, both of whom should be on the short list at the next awards meeting of the Pulitzer committee.

Monday, April 21, 2008

Pentagon Borrows Techniques of Commercial CME

While this blog generally focuses on how physicians sometimes manipulate information in response to financial incentives, last Sunday's New York Times covered another category of corrupted information brokers: military analysts hired to interpret the news. In a devastating expose, David Barsow details the ways in which the Pentagon has groomed former military men to deploy the official White House message to national TV audiences.

Any reader of this blog will immediately recognize the same techniques used by hired gun M.D.'s—the highlighting of the positive while downplaying the negative, the hidden conflicts of interests, the rationalizations, and, ultimately, the damage done to our nation’s sense of morality.

Television networks have long hired retired generals and colonels to serve as “independent” military analysts, brought on to help the public understand the meaning of the latest developments in war. Yes, they were once part of the military establishiment, but we assume that in their retirement they no longer have to answer to anyone, and they can provide a clear-eyed interpretation of confusing war-time events. At least, that’s the theory.

The truth is very different. “Hidden behind that appearance of objectivity,” says the Times, “is a Pentagon information apparatus that has used those analysts in a campaign to generate favorable news coverage of the administration's wartime performance….”

As a result of a lawsuit, the Times forced the Defense Department to release 8000 pages of e-mails and meeting transcripts detailing how these analysts are paid to say nice things about the army. According to newspaper, “internal Pentagon documents repeatedly refer to the military analysts as ‘message force multipiers” or ‘surrogates’ who could be counted on to deliver administration ‘themes and messages’ to millions of Americans ‘in the form of their own opinions.’”

The parallels to the industry-sponsored CME industry are eery. In both cases, “key opinion leaders” are paid to deliver the company message (the Pentagon uses the term “key influentials”); old boy networks ensure that friends reward friends; and e-mail trails of damning communications eventually expose the sham.

Unfortunately, military analysts and industry-sponsored CME are not the only examples of our country’s burgeoning culture of deceptive information-brokers. In the last couple of years, we’ve read about college loan officers referring students to banks in return for kickbacks (1) ;
financial analysts entrusting their customers’ money to certain stock brokers in return for golf and gambling vacations (2) ; and government officials accepting lavish gifts from lobbyists for decisions that enrich their clients (3).

The moral? As information becomes more complex and specialized, it becomes more valuable to stakeholders. And where there is value, there is the opportunity for corruption, whether in medicine, the military, or any other field.